Understanding climate change and how
it’s affecting the world today
The term “climate change” has become
part of the modern lexicon. The term
“global warming” was once widely
used, but the term climate change became
more common after researchers discovered
that the changes affecting the planet involved
more than a rise in temperature.
What is climate change?
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in
weather patterns and temperatures, according
to the United Nations Climate Action.
Although natural forces, such as natural
disasters, can affect climate change, by and
large the most prolific influencer has been
human behavior, notably the use of fossil
fuels. NASA says burning fossil fuels increases
heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels
in the Earth’s atmosphere, raising the overall
surface temperature of the planet.
Signs of climate change
Scientists already are seeing evidence of the
effects of climate change. NASA says loss of
sea ice, melting glaciers and ice sheets, rising
sea levels, and more intense heat waves
already are occurring. Additional notable and
evident effects of climate change include:
• Glaciers are melting at a faster rate.
• There is less snowpack in mountain ranges
and polar regions.
• When snow is present, it melts faster.
• Permafrost is melting, releasing methane.
This is a powerful greenhouse gas that rises
into the atmosphere and compounds the climate
• Sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and around the
North Pole is melting at a faster rate. Data
from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) indicates ice covering
the Arctic Ocean has diminished by more
than 40 percent since the start of the satellite
era in 1979.
• Tropical storms have become more severe
as a result of warmer ocean water temperatures.
• Sea levels are rising, threatening coastal
communities and ecosystems. The NOAA
reports that, in 2022, global average sea level
set a new record high of 101.2 mm. That is
four inches above 1993 levels.
• In many coastal locations around the
United States, the rate of sea level rise is
even higher than the global average due to
erosion, oil and groundwater pumping, and
subsidence.
• High-tide flooding is now between 300 and
900 percent more frequent than it was 50
years ago.
• The ocean is storing the majority of excess
heat from rising global temperatures, contributing
to measurable shelf retreat and stress
on marine life.
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